Military Downsizing

Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER What Options Might the Pentagon Consider When Discussing the Downsizing of the Services just as Change Overseas Basing Richard Giadone Columbia Southern University MBA 5652 Research Methods Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER Permanently positioning powers abroad gives the U. S. military a vital advantageâ€but at a cost. That cost is paid as far as budgetary expense as well as regarding the faculty, units, and gear expected to help powers positioned outside the United States. We will look at the U. S. powers positioned in Europe and East Asia against the fiscal and work force cost of keeping them there. Forward Based Versus Forward Deployed Forces The U. S. powers can be kept up abroad on either transitory or a changeless premise. Units or work force that are in an outside nation consistently are supposed to be forward based or forward positioned. Conversely, units and their related faculty that are in an outside nation temporarily, commonly a half year or a year, while participating in activities or tasks are supposed to be forward sent. A case of such powers is those now conveyed in Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. ) Although the differentiation may have all the earmarks of being insignificant, it has significant ramifications for military powers and faculty. Forward Based Units that are for all time based outside the United States stay set up while people doled out to the units go back and forth. For instance, the second Infantry Division (s econd ID) has been positioned in South Korea since the 1950s, because of the Korean War truce. While the division, with its central station and subordinate units, stay set up, somewhere in the range of 13,000 Army warriors turn through it on one-year unaccompanied visits. The administrations are currently permitting families to go with administration individuals to Korea for two Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER year visits. Korea has a 8% staff turnover every month. Also, 20% of all Soldiers on task to Korea never appear. In different areas, for example, Germany, U. S. military staff serve multi year visits with units positioned there and can carry their families with them. With the assistance of partners, the United States has developed huge foundations abroad to help forward positioned units, alloted staff, and their families. Practically all abroad bases that for all time house enormous quantities of U. S. administration individuals remember the entirety of the civilities of bases for the United States, for example, supermarkets, sanctuaries, practice offices, and post workplaces. What's more, in places where families may go with administration individuals, the Department of Defense (DoD) has set up schools for military wards. In Germany alone, DoD runs 70 schools for in excess of 30,000 kids who are wards of U. S. military staff and DoD regular people. Another part of forward based units is that staff presenting with them are considered on perpetual task rather than transitory obligation and hence experience a â€Å"permanent change of station† (PCS) when they move from a task in the United States to a task abroad. In a PCS move, administration individuals can bring their family unit merchandise (counting vehicles) at the administration's (taxpayer’s) cost, whether or not they are joined by relatives. The way that staff are appointed to, and move all through forward put together units with respect to an individual premise makes persistent turnover in those units. With the three-year visits normal in Germany, 33% of the people in a specific unit will turn over each Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER year and the whole populace will turn over in three years. Besides, when people total a visit with a forward-based unit, they are commonly allocated to an alternate unit in the United States than the one they served in before going abroad. Forward Deployed Units Forward conveyed powers, for example, those now in Afghanistan or Kosovo, are abroad on a transitory premise as it were. The United States doesn't envision having powers positioned in Iraq or Afghanistan for the following 50 years, as it has done in Germany. Or maybe, it envisions that once Afghanistan is secure, U. S. troops will be pulled back and not supplanted. As a result, the United States has no designs to construct expand bases to house U. S. powers in Afghanistan. In like manner, generally, military faculty are not appointed to obligation in Afghanistan a similar way they are to obligation in South Korea or Germany. In the event that a unit situated in the United States, for example, the 25th Infantry Division, is appointed to obligation in Afghanistan for nine months to a year, the entirety of the work force related with the division who are qualified will send to Afghanistan for the length of the visit. Nor warriors' very own assets (barring some individual things) nor their families will go with them. Besides, however much as could reasonably be expected, the entirety of the people relegated to the unit will send and remain with it for the whole time frame and come back to the command post together. Those conveyed powers are frequently remembered for counts of U. S. powers abroad, yet in certainty they are authoritatively viewed as abroad on an impermanent premise, despite the fact that a few tasks upheld by rotational organizations have proceeded for a considerable length of time  Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER U. S. Powers Based in Europe The United States has around 100,000 military faculty forward situated in Europe. The majority of them are positioned in Germany, where the United States has kept up powers since the finish of World War II, initially as an occupation power and later as a component of NATO's guard during the Cold War. Despite the fact that the size of U. S. powers in Europe declined by 66% after the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, the need to keep up the current levels is being addressed by some protection experts and Administration authorities. Armed force Forces The Army represents around 60 percent of deployment ready U. S. faculty positioned in Europe. In spite of critical cuts in those work force after the unification of Germany and the disintegration of the Soviet Union during the 1990s, the Army keeps on basing two of its 10 divisions and one of its four corps in Europe. Along these lines, a huge part of the Army's battle power is positioned on that mainland, fundamentally in Germany. By and by, the Army's battle units (divisions and detachments) represent not exactly 50% of the administration's well-trained work force in Europe. The first Armored Division and the first Infantry Division (motorized) has just two of its three battle units and around 12,500 of its all out 16,000 work force situated in Germany. The Army's other battle unit in Europeâ€the 173rd Airborne Brigade, situated in Vicenza, Italyâ€has around 1,000 work force doled out to it. Hence, the Army's changeless well-trained battle powers in Europe aggregate around 26,000 individuals. Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER Another 27,000 or so deployment ready work force are appointed to what the Army calls battle support (CS) units, for example, ordnance, and battle administration support (CSS) units, for example, transportation. CS and CSS units give different sorts of help to battle detachments and divisions. The other 7,000 or so well-trained Army work force situated in Europe are allocated to what exactly could be named regulatory units, for example, clinical offices, NATO central command in Brussels, and contracting organizations. Taking all things together, around 43 percent of Army powers in Europe are relegated to battle units, 45 percent to help units, and 12 percent to regulatory obligations. (The breakdown for Army powers in Germany is comparative: 45 percent battle, 45 percent backing, and 10 percent managerial. ) Army Bases The Army keeps up a broad system of bases in Europe, enveloping very nearly 300 establishments. Like its work force, by far most of the Army's abroad foundation (255 establishments) is in Germany. The biggest and the absolute most costly Army bases in Europe are at Grafenwoehr and Hohenfels, Germany. Those two preparing facilitiesâ€which give ranges and space where Army units can rehearse strategies and maneuversâ€cover 52,000 sections of land and 40,000 sections of land, separately, and have a joined substitution estimation of more than $1. 5 billion. (6) The Army likewise keeps up 33 military quarters for unaccompanied officers and 36 â€Å"villages† for family lodging in Germany, which have a substitution estimation of generally $14 billion. Other Army establishments in Germany incorporate five emergency clinics, five lodgings, 15 littler preparing regions, nine runways, four Running Head: WHAT OPTIONS MIGHT THE PENTAGON CONSIDER stops, three greens, a Boy Scout camp, and a Girl Scout camp. That foundation is intended to upgrade warriors' spirit and, somewhat, repeat the offices and comforts that would be found around numerous Army bases in the United States. Flying corps, Navy, and Marine Corps Forces and Bases The other three administrations have less powers positioned in Europe than the Army does. What's more, they have not focused their powers and bases on that landmass in Germany to the degree that the Army has. The Air Force keeps up the second biggest nearness in Europe after the Army, with 34,000 deployment ready staff and 201 establishments in 12 nations. The biggest unforeseen (15,000 well-trained staff) is situated in Germany, yet the Air Force additionally has generally enormous quantities of individuals in the United Kingdom (10,000) and Italy (4,000). The administration's significant battle units are dispersed likewise, with Germany, the United Kingdom, and Italy each facilitating one contender wing. The best quantities of Air Force establishments in Europe are situated in Germany. The base at Ramstein, Germany, is the principle air center point for U. S. powers from all administrations traveling to or from different pieces of the world, including the United States and the Middle East. The Air Force al

Oral Language Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oral Language Development - Essay Example As anticipated by clinicians oral language advancement viably happens from the child’s early years, where in a youngster is equipped for learning at least two dialects effectively as contrasted and grown-up students. It is indispensable for a kid to figure out how to convey from an early age, so as to turn into a completely proficient and instructed individual. Since so much is created and learned by a kid right off the bat, the instruction and legitimate preparing ought to be the most significant segment of the child’s life and into adolescent’s. Early education is characterized as the stages experienced by a kid in building up their language aptitudes which incorporates perusing and composing. Oral language performs fundamental capacities in the turn of events and upgrade of the child’s thinking abilities. Through the improvement of oral language the basic thinking capacity about a youngster experiences a similar pace. Acclimating themselves with the jar gon and the language essentially makes them think about the correct and fitting words on the most proficient method to present and express their considerations with others. The previously mentioned things give a solid connection between the child’s oral language advancement and early proficiency. The more a kid can decipher and profoundly comprehend oral language, the more prominent the likelihood that a kid has the ability to decipher, examine, and comprehend composed writings. Research discoveries have uncovered that a youngster at his/her young age having a model oral language advancement is bound to arrive at an estimable proficiency level; while in the converse, a kid with poor oral language improvement has a more prominent likelihood of having low degree of education aptitudes. Oral language, in spite of its being one of the establishments of proficiency, is frequently ignored or given lesser significance in stressing the improvement of education abilities. Oral languag e performs different fundamental jobs in scholastic accomplishment as studies with monolingual English speakers delineated. The aptitudes utilized in translating information and data developed by having oral language capability is the edge toward the improvement of perusing appreciation among these youthful students. This shows the interrelationships among the four full scale abilities in language learning, for example, tuning in, talking, perusing, and composing. The jargon words that a kid gained from their condition through tuning in and utilized in talking are basic in building up their understanding cognizance. Significance OF READING SKILLS According to the article entitled â€Å"Reading, Literacy, and Your Child†, investigate has recognized five fundamental perusing aptitudes which are extremely significant in improving the proficiency level of each kid, for example, phonemic mindfulness, phonics, jargon, understanding cognizance, and familiarity. Phonemic mindfulness is the capacity to hear, recognize, and play with disengaged sounds known as â€Å"phonemes† in oral language; Phonics is the ability of interfacing with the letters of the composed language with the consideration of the phonemes of the communicated in language; Vocabulary which is considered as the words that a youngster needs to perceive so as to convey capably; perusing perception is the capacity to profoundly comprehend and get significance from

Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Lab Report Essay Example

Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Lab Report Paper A Grinded reagent is a sort of ergonomically, which comprises of a bond twine a metal and a carbon. There are three sorts of carbon-metal bonds: ionic, polar covalent, and covalent. The ionic fortified mixes (model: RNa) have a feeble bond between the carbon and the metal, and are in this way not helpful in light of the fact that they are so unpredictable, and they will respond with about anything. The covalent fortified mixes (model: Rap) are harmful. The aggravates that are polar covalent reinforced are Grinded reagents and are valuable in making carbon-carbon bonds and diminishing carbonyl. Granulated reagents are any of the various natural subsidiaries of magnesium (MGM), regularly spoke to by the mineral equation Ramp (in which R is a hydrocarbon radical: CHI, CHI, CHI, and so on ; and X is a halogen iota, typically chlorine, bromine, or iodine). They are called Grinded reagents after their pioneer, French scientist Victor Grinded, who was an adjustments of the 1912 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for this work (1). Granulated reagents normally are set up by response of an alkyl halide (RUG) with magnesium in a nitrogen air on the grounds that the reagent is extremely receptive toward oxygen and dampness, which would make the reagent respond with the water rather than any carbon molecules (2). Granulated reagents respond with water to create antacid. This is the explanation that everything must be dry during the planning. Alkyl halides shift significantly in their paces of response with magnesium. For instance, alkyl iodides by and large respond quickly, while most aryl chlorides respond gradually, if by any stretch of the imagination. We will compose a custom exposition test on Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Lab Report explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Lab Report explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Their synthetic conduct takes after that of carbonation species that contain a contrarily charged carbon (:CHI). Crushed reagents are solid bases and solid nucleotides. Hence, the Grinded reagent methamphetamine bromide (Chamber) carries on as though it were proportional to the technique particle (:CHI-). Pounded specialists are made through single electron moves with magnesium and an alkyl halide. Granulated reagents are made through the procedure of an extreme response as demonstrated as follows. Crushed reagents respond with atoms to broaden carbon-carbon chains through the fascination of a necrophilia carbon to an electroscopic carbon (necrophilia expansion). The Grinded reagent can fill in as a nucleoli in light of the fascination between the slight negatives of the carbon molecule in the Grinded reagent and the oppositeness of the carbon in the carbonyl compound. The Grinded reagent can oxidize a carbonyl utilitarian gathering into a hydroxyl gathering. The metal is less electronegative than the carbon, so the carbon bears a fractional negative charge. This halfway negative charge assaults the carbonyl at the incompletely positive carbon, frames another carbon-carbon bond, and pushes an electron pair out of the twofold bond into the solitary pair position. The metal at that point appends itself at the now adversely charged oxygen. This compound is then treated with a watery corrosive to propionate the oxygen and structures the hydroxyl gathering. Aside from hydrocarbons, ethers, and tertiary amines, practically all natural mixes respond with Grinded reagents. A considerable lot of these responses are utilized for hemolytic purposes, outstandingly those with carbonyl mixes (e. G. Leaderless, stones, esters, and call chlorides), with epoxies, and with halogen mixes of specific metals (e. G. , zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury) to frame the alkyl subordinates of those metals. Pounded reagents respond with water to frame a solid base, and they can go about as a nucleoli to locate an essential liquor as demonstrated separately beneath. Crush ed reagents additionally respond with the least frustrated carbon on an epoxies to break the ring so as to soothe ring strain. A response of the Grinded reagent and carbon dioxide brings about a corrosive, and activity of a nitrite and a Grinded reagent produce a carbonyl by means of an amine moderate. These are appear beneath, separately. Crushed reagents are responsive enough to likewise connect esters; in any case, two counterparts of the Grinded reagent are generally included in light of the fact that less then two reciprocals leave a huge amount of enervative ester. This response shapes a tertiary liquor. Crushed reagents can't be combined from alcohols in light of the fact that as opposed to responding with the halide to frame the Grinded reagent, the liquor is censured. Granulated reagents additionally can't be blended from particles with a carbonyl gathering. Dissolvable decision is significant in Grinded reagent arrangement. The dissolvable must be non-receptive with a contrarily charged carbon (ex. CH3)2CO or anything even marginally acidic), and the dissolvable can't have a carbonyl gathering. The dissolvable must be an unstable dissolvable that gives a cover of dissolvable over the response arrangement so oxygen and dampness noticeable all around are avoided from the response. Oxygen and dampness noticeable all around are somewhat acidic and would disturb the union of a Grinded reagent. Anhydrous ether (ROR) is regularly utilized as a dissolvable in making Grinded reagents since it keeps out water and oxygen, makes the complex solvent, and is non-responsive. Water and oxygen cause undesired side responses. The oxygen in ether has a solitary pair of electrons, which is pulled in to the somewhat positive metal. The dissolvable aides the polar Grinded reagent break up by coordination. A dry reflux contraption is utilized to warm an answer without increasing any water from the air. Reflux is the pattern of a fluid experiencing vaporization and buildup. So as to accelerate responses or to expand the dissolvability of a compound, scientific experts as a rule reflux response blends. This progression infers cap the response blend is heated to the point of boiling. The most minimal bubbling compound in the blend decides the temperature when this happens, for the most part the dissolvable. It gathers and returns into the response vessel (3). There are some different advantages to utilizing a reflux device. In the first place, particles break down quicker in warmed fluids in light of the fact that the atoms are moving quicker and along these lines impact quicker and all the more frequently. Second, the warmth expected to make the arrangement reflux is vitality that can help atoms in securing enough vitality to beat the actuation vitality boundary to go from fluid to fume. The fluid in the jar bubbles, disintegrates, ND at that point hits the cool condenser and gathers once again into the jar. The water going through the condenser keeps it cool and permits the fumes emerging from the response vessel to gather and trickle down into the arrangement. The Cacao in the drying tube keeps any water from the climate from entering the framework. The set up of a dry reflux contraption is a round base cup clipped over a warming mantle with a condenser connected to the round base jar. A thermometer connector is utilized to join the drying cylinder to the condenser.

E-Banking Coursework - 275 Words

E-Banking (Coursework Sample) Content: Name:Instructors Name:Course Details: Date of Submission: E-BankingE-banking is a banking method where transactions are conducted electronically through the internet (Ahmad, Khalaf, and Al-Zubi 50). The benefits of e-banking include the fact that one does not have to queue when making banking transactions as in the case of traditional banking, no limits in terms of banking hours, bank balance can be checked anytime even when the bank statement is not available, one can monitor the account activities in real time, and offers an opportunity to conduct secure cashless transactions among other benefits. E-banking enables easy access to money in any geographical location worlds wide, which enables the users to access money and make payments easily without using the actual paper money. This makes it easy to transfer huge amounts of money in a secure way without having to transport the actual paper money from one point to another.The types of e-banking include direct deposit to different bank accounts through the internet, phone payment systems, personal computer banking, payment transactions or debit card purchase, and electronic cash conversion among others (Ahmad, Khalaf, and Al-Zubi 50). Direct deposit involves depositing social security checks, pay checks, and other deposits made electronically to different accounts. Phone payment systems include mobile phone money transfer systems for transactions all over the world like Wave and many others. Personal computer banking involves making electronic transactions using the personal computer. Payment transactions or debit card purchase involves making on...

The Effects Of Nonverbal Messages On Interpersonal,...

Communication is generally defined as having both a verbal and nonverbal component. Whereas verbal communication often refers to the words we use in communication, nonverbal refers to communication that is produced by some means other than words (eye contact, body language or vocal cues, for example) (Knapp, 2002). In countless situations, it appears that an incredible volume of important interpersonal information is being quickly communicated, mostly nonverbally yet there is a great deal of misinformation and misunderstanding in face-to-face human relations. As we continue to explore how different nonverbal codes affect meaning, this paper will attempt to demonstrate my understanding of how to recognize different nonverbal codes and their impact on the meaning of intended and unintended messages by recording an experience and begins to analyze the impact of nonverbal messages on interpersonal, organizational, and public communication. Vocal Cues that Accompany Speech (Paralanguage) Vocal cues include intonation, voice quality and vocal emphasis and that can enhance verbal meaning. Laughing and crying are also considered vocal cues. These cues may reveal an emotional state, attitudes towards others, social class, or origin. When communicating verbally it is important to ensure that the paralanguage aligns with the verbal messages it accompanies (Goldman, 1994). A family friend has welcomed a foreign exchange student from South Korea. I went to my friends home toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Non-Verbal Communication929 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Non-verbal communication has been a major factor contributing towards our day to day lives. In terms of design and workplace as well as cultural variations non-verbal communication plays an important role in these places. 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ASICs Investigation of Kleenmaid Group - 2453 Words

Research on ASIC’s investigation about the continuation of trade by Queensland’s sunshine coast based national importer and distributor of whitegoods, also the operator of Kleenmaid brand of kitchen appliances, Kleenmaid Group, despite becoming insolvent from March 2008. The Fact: Three former directors of national whitegoods distributor Kleenmaid, Andrew Eric Young, Bradley Wendell Young and Gary Colleyer Armstrong were accused of 20 criminal charges including a $13 million fraud and insolvent trading, following an ASIC investigation. The trio were charged with 18 counts of criminal insolvent trading of debts totalling more than $4 million and a $13 million fraud committed on Westpac Bank (ASIC 2012). Gary Armstrong and Andrew Eric†¦show more content†¦(1A) For the purposes of this section, if a company takes action set out in column 2 of the following table, it incurs a debt at the time set out in column 3. When debts are incurred | | | | Action of company | When debt is incurred | 1 | paying a dividend | when the dividend is paid or, if the company has a constitution that provides for the declaration of dividends, when the dividend is declared | 2 | making a reduction of share capital to which Division 1 of Part 2J.1 applies (other than a reduction that consists only of the cancellation of a share or shares for no consideration) | when the reduction takes effect | 3 | buying back shares (even if the consideration is not a sum certain in money) | when the buyback agreement is entered into | 4 | redeeming redeemable preference shares that are redeemable at its option | when the company exercises the option | 5 | issuing redeemable preference shares that are redeemable otherwise than at its option | when the shares are issued | 6 | financially assisting a person to acquire shares (or units of shares) in itself or a holding company | when the agreement to provide the assistance is entered into or, if there is no agreement, when the assistance is provided | 7 | entering into an uncommercial transaction (within the meaning of section 588FB) other than one that a court orders, or a prescribed agency directs, the company to enter into | when the transaction

Christian violence Essay Example For Students

Christian violence Essay Andrew HolderViolence in ChristianityViolence, it has been a main tool in the Christian arsenal since the middle ages. From the Crusades to the Inquisitions of Spain, violence is ever prevalent. Even in this day and age, intolerance and violence continue to be preached. But is this violence an instrument of God or man? Is violence an inherent part of this religion? Some would say that it is indeed built in to the very fabric of its being. The Old Testament is full of the smiting of infidels and those who defy God. The Book of Revelations tells of the violent and fiery demise of this entire planet. There are instances of mass genocide, the killing of innocent children, holy wars, you name a violent act and God has called for it. The story of Noah recounts how God killed off everyone in the world save one family. This violence, some speculate, is a result of mans own doing. Perhaps Gods word was miss-interpreted or those in power sought to legitimize their own violent acts through the involvement of religion. Regardless of whether it was God or man that made religion violent, it is now deeply a part of it. The very involvement of religion into a dispute can cause the dispute to escalate exponentionally. Limited mundane conflict may escalate into violence when the issues at stake are imbued with religious ultimacy. (Klausner 268) Violence not only plays a strong role in both commandment and practice, it is part of the very core of this belief system. From the zeal and fervor of conversion to the conquest in the name of a deity, violence is ingrained into religions very being. Religion engenders an energy that may be experienced as despair or as enthusiasm Despair can feed an urge to rid the world of pollution and sin (Klausner 268). Violence in the religious realm may serve several purposes. It can be an end unto itself, a means to accomplish a religious or religious/economic/political goal. It can be done to invoke terror and awe, as in witness the power of our G od and tremble before his might. However it is enacted and whatever its reasons, violence is now an inescapable inevitability in religions ongoing battle between Good and Evil. In attempting to prove this, I will be drawing on a body of information collected from the Bible; The Encyclopedia of Religion: Articles on: Violence, Crusades, Inquisition; Ethics: Violence; Dictionary of Middle Ages: Crusades, Inquisition; and Dictionary of Christian Ethics: Just War. In order to see if violence does enter into religion, one first needs to know what, ethically speaking, violence is. Ethics defines violence as follows: Violence consists of a violation of another persons or a group of peoples freedom, dignity, integrity, sense of self worth, or well being; it may be physical, psychological, or emotional (Candelaria 907). Acts of violence can be further defined by legal and illegal employment of methods of coercion for personal or group gain. This is where things become fuzzy. Who defines legal and illegal? The instigator of violence might claim that acts of legitimate violence might include military defense, crusades, just wars, acts of purification, acts of faith, and heroic exploits. (Klausner 268) These same acts would probably be viewed as illegitimate, illegal acts by the victims. So can violence ever be legitimized? If violence can never be legitimized, then why does it exist with such prominence? Thomas Hobbs believed that humans live in a pe rpetual state of war, a Bellum ominium contra omnes, a war of all against all (Candelaria 907). Humans are naturally violent. Freud agreed with Hobbes, believing that aggression is a natural human instinct. Fear and desire motivate mankind to violence. Freud also believed that violence would naturally beget violence. Because all humans fear death, when threatened they will turn to aggression to protect themselves. These dim views of the human condition show violence to be intrinsic in our human natureIf violence can be legitimized, what conditions make it so? According to the Christian Church, there are several stipulations. The most profound idea on violence made by the Church is the idea of the Just War Theory, or the Justum Bellum. The Christian Just War Tradition can forces a question to be asked: Can a Christian, whose faith in an all-loving and all-good God that implies goodwill toward men, ever justifiably participate in violence? If you answer no, then non-violent pacifism i s the only viable option. If the answer is yes, then I feel another question needs to be answered. Is the Christian God truly all-loving and all-good? To answer this question, we turn to the bible. One of the Ten Commandments handed down by God to Moses is Thou shalt not Kill. Every child is taught this as soon as they learn of Moses. These Commandments form the corner stone of the Christian faith. Yet in virtually every book of the Bible you read of another infidel killed. The Old Testament is riddled with references of God either killing someone not worshipping Him, or telling his followers to put to death those who do not honor him: If thy brother, the son of thy mother, or thy son, or thy daughter, or the wife of thy bosom, or thy friend, which is as thine own soul, entice thee secretly, saying, Let us go and serve other gods, which thou hast not known, thou, nor thy fathers; Namely, of the gods of the people which are round about you , nigh unto thee, or far off from thee, from the one end of the earth even unto the other end of the earth; But thou shalt surely kill him; thine hand shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterwards the hand of all the people.( Deut. 13:6-9) The idea of death in the name of God is nothing new. The wonderful Sunday school story of Noahs Ark that most any Christian knows of is nothing more than mass murder and destruction at the hands of God. The Lord said, I will blot out man whom I have created from the land, from man to animals to creeping things and to birds of the sky; for I am sorry that I have made them (Gen. 6: 7). This is one of many examples of mass genocide that God has either called for or done himself. But these acts are written off, the victims were evil and wicked and got just what they deserved. Perhaps this is so, they might have been the kind of people even Satan kicks out for being too wicked, but does this change the fact that they were people? Are they any less deserving of life because they use d the free will God gave them? This is not the compassionate, forgiving God Missionaries preach about, this is a vengeful, jealous God. Pages of this paper could be dedicated to uncover all the violent acts perpetrated by God or in His Divine Name and still I would fail to show them all. Even the New Testament, Jesus is shown not to be a bringer of peace, but a weapon of God. Do not think that I came to bring peace on earth; I did not come to bring peace, but a sword. For I came to set man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law; and a mans enemies will be the members of his household. (Mat 10: 34-36) Perhaps it is through Gods commandment and example the Christians feel there is justice in certain wars. The Scarlet Letter Analysis EssayFinucane, R.C. Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Mircea Eliade. Inquisition, The. Macmilian Publishing Co.: 1986. Johnson, James Turner. The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Ethics. Ed. James F. Childress John Macquarrie. Just War. The Westminster Press: 1986Klausner, Samuel Z. Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Mircea Eliade. Violence. Macmilian Publishing Co.: 1986. Little, Donald P. Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Mircea Eliade. Crusades. Macmilian Publishing Co.: 1986. New American Standard Bible. Russell, Frederick H. Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Ed. Joseph R. Strayer. Crusade, Concept of. American Council of Learned Societies: 1984. Wakefield, Walter L. Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Ed. Joseph R. Strayer. Inquisition. American Council of Learned Societies: 1984.